Optical Communication (KEC-058) Aktu Syllabus Pdf’s

For a tour into the world of optical communication, use our AKTU syllabus. These comprehensive and instructional notes will help you discover new concepts and acquire valuable lessons.

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UNIT-1: INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL COMM.

• Introduction to Optical Communication Optical Spectral Band with Operating Windows, General Communication System,
• Optical Communication System with its advantages. 
• Optical Fiber Waveguides: Ray Theory of Transmission with TIR,
• Acceptance Angle,
• Numerical Aperture and Skew Rays,
• Electromagnetic Mode Theory for Optical Propagation,
• Modes in a Planar Guide,
• Phase and Group Velocity,
• Phase Shift with Total Internal Reflection,
• Evanescent Field,
• Goos-Haenchen Shift,
• Cylindrical Fiber Modes,
• Mode Coupling,
• Step Index fibers Vs Graded Index fibers,
• Single Mode Fibers Cut off wavelength,
• MFD & Spot Size.

UNIT-2: SIGNAL LOSS IN OPTICAL FIBER

• Signal Loss in Optical Fibers: Attenuation,
• Material Absorption Losses (Intrinsic and Extrinsic absorption),
• Types of Linear and Non-Linear Scattering Losses,
• Fiber Bending Losses,
• Kerr Effect.

• Dispersion: Introduction with its types: Chromatic / Intramodal Dispersion (Material and Waveguide Dispersion),
• Intermodal dispersion (for MSI and MGI fibers),
• Overall (Total) Fiber Dispersion in Multimode and Single Mode Fiber,
• Dispersion Modified Single Mode Fibers,
• Polarization & Fiber Birefringence.

UNIT-3: OPTICAL SOURCES 

• Optical Sources: LEDs-Introduction to LEDs & Materials used for fabrication,
• LED Power and Efficiency,
• LED Structures,
• LED Characteristics,
• Modulation Bandwidth Laser Diodes-Introduction,
• Optical Feedback & Laser Oscillations,
• Resonant Frequencies,
• Laser Modes, and Threshold Condition for Laser Oscillation,
• Laser Diode Rate Equations,
• Semiconductor injection Laser- Efficiency,
• Laser Single Mode operation,
• Reliability of LED & ILD. 

UNIT-4: POWER LAUNCHING IN FIBER

• Power Launching in Fiber: Source to Fiber Power Launching and Coupling Techniques,
• Power Launching Vs Wavelength,
• Equilibrium Numerical Aperture.
• Photo Detectors: Introduction,
• Physical Principles of Photodiodes: The PIN Photo Detector,
• Avalanche Photodiodes,
• Temperature Effect on Avalanche Gain,
• Detector Response Time,
• Photo Detector Noise: Noise Sources,
• Signal to Noise Ratio,
• Comparison of Photo Detectors,
• Fundamental Receiver Operation with Digital Signal Transmission. 

UNIT-5: DIGITAL RECEIVER PERFORMANCE

• Probability of Error / BER,
• Receiver Sensitivity & The Quantum Limit,
• Error Control Techniques,
• Eye Diagram Pattern Features,
• Coherent Detection: Homodyne Detection and Heterodyne Detection,
• Digital inks: Point to Point Links,
• Power Penalties,
• Multichannel & Multiplexing Transmission Techniques,
• Basic concept of Free Space Optics (PSO) based Communication System.

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