(Aktu Btech) Digital Signal Processing Important Unit-1 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing

The B.Tech AKTU Quantum Book will help you master the skill of Digital Signal Processing. Gain access to important notes, frequently asked questions, and insightful information in this field. Unit-1 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing

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Important Questions For Digital Signal Processing:
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Q1. Explain basic elements of digital signal processing with the help of block diagram.

Ans. The main features of a digital signal processing system are depicted in Fig. The analogue to digital converter provides input, and the digital to analogue converter provides output.

Basic elements of digital signal processing:

• i. Analog to digital converter: 
  • 1. The analog-to-digital converter (AD converter) converts analogue input to digital input. A DSP system processes this signal.
  • 2. During the digitizing process, the A/D converter determines the sampling rate and quantization error.
• ii. Digital signal processor: 
  • 1. It operates on digital data to perform amplification, attenuation, filtering, spectral analysis, feature extraction, and other activities.
  • 2. The ALU, shifter, serial ports, interrupts, address generators, and other components are used to power the digital signal processor.
  • 3. The DSP processor has unique architectural features that allow it to perform DSP operations faster than general-purpose microprocessors.
• iii. Digital to analog converter:
  • 1. Some of the processed signals must be returned in analogue form. Sound, image, and video signals, for example, are required in analogue form. As a result, the DSP processor output is routed to a digital to analogue converter.
  • 2. The D/A converter converts the DSP processor’s digital output to its analogue equivalent. This analogue output is a signal that has been processed.

Q2. What is the technology used for DSP ?

Ans. i. Dedicated processor based DSP: 

• 1. DSP processors are employed in such systems. Analog devices, Texas Instruments, and Motorola DSP processors are often used. These DSP processors are specifically developed for array and multiply-accumulate operations.
• 2. DSP processor-based systems are self-contained. Portable, low-cost, and ideal for real-time applications.

ii. General purpose processor based DSP:

• 1. These systems make use of general-purpose microprocessors or computers. DSP operations on computers are performed by the software. For example, ‘C’ programmes for digital filtering, z-transform, fourier transform, FFT, and other computer functions can be created.
• 2. As a result, the utility of computers can be increased. These systems are adaptable and easily upgradeable.
• 3. Computer technologies, such as networking, storage, display, and printing, can be shared. Such systems, however, are computationally inefficient.
• 4. If only DSP functions are to be performed, specialized processor-based systems are preferable.

Q3. Obtain the parallel form realization

Ans. 

Q4. Obtain the ladder structure for the system function H(z) given below :

Ans. 1. For the given system, obtain the Routh array

2. The ladder structure parameters are

3. The ladder structure is shown in Fig.

Q5. Write advantages, disadvantages and applications of DSP. 

Ans. A. Advantage of DSP: 

• 1. Digital signal processing (DSP) systems are adaptable.
• 2. Digital signal processing technologies have substantially higher accuracy than analogue systems.
• 3. Digital signals are easily stored on storage media such as magnetic tapes, discs, and so on.
• 4. Because they are software controlled, digital signal processing devices are easily upgradeable.
• 5. Digital signal processing systems are smaller and more dependable.

B. Disadvantages of DSP: 

• 1. High speed A/D converters are required when analogue signals have a wide bandwidth. Such high A/D conversion speeds are challenging to obtain for the same signals. An analogue system must be employed for such applications.
• 2. Digital signal processing devices are too expensive for modest applications. As a result, the decision is made based on cost complexity and performance.

C. Applications of DSP: 

• 1. DSP for voice and speech: Speech recognition, voice mail, speech vocoding etc. 
• 2. DSP for consumer applications: Digital audio /video / television/ music systems, music synthesizer, toys etc. 
• 3. DSP for military/defence: Radar processing, Sonar processing. Navigation, missile guidance, RF modems, secure communications.
• 4. DSP for industrial applications: Robotics, CNC security access and power line monitors etc. 

Q6. Obtain the Cascade form realization: 

Ans. 1. Given,

2. Taking 2-transform on both sides

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