Btech Aktu Additive Manufacturing KME-071 Short Question Quantum Book Pdf

Explore B.Tech AKTU Quantum Book Additive Manufacturing Short Question Notes. Discover the concepts of 3D printing, quick prototyping, and new manufacturing techniques for a variety of applications.

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Unit-I: Introduction Additive Manufacturing (Short Question)

Q1. Define additive manufacturing. 

Ans. A layer-based automated fabrication technique called additive manufacturing (AM) is used to create scaled, 3-dimensional physical items directly from 3D-CAD data. 

Q2. Write down the four benefits of additive manufacturing. 

Ans. The four benefits of additive manufacturing are as follows: 

• 1. Energy savings, 
• 2. Environment benefits, 
• 3. Customisation and, 
• 4. Inventory stock reduction.  

Q3. Give two disadvantages of additive manufacturing. 

Ans. Two disadvantages of additive manufacturing are as follows: 

• 1. The cost of entry is very high. 
• 2. Production costs are high. 

Q4. Mention some of the applications of additive manufacturing. 

Ans. Some of the applications of additive manufacturing are as follows: 

• 1. Aerospace. 
• 2. Consumer products.  
• 3. Transportation.  
• 4. Medical.  

Q5. Differentiate between Additive Manufacturing and CNC Machining. 

Ans. 

Q6. Define Rapid Prototyping. 

Ans. A collection of methods known as rapid prototyping are used to quickly construct a scale replica of a real item or assembly using three-dimensional CAD data.

Q7. What is SLM in additive manufacturing ? 

Ans. Selective laser melting (SLM) is a metal additive manufacturing process that creates metal objects by heating a bed of powder. 

Q8. What do you mean by Electron Beam Melting? 

Ans. Electron Beam Melting is a type of powder bed fusion. It employs an electron beam to fuse metal particles and build the desired portion layer by layer. 

Q9. Define Fused Layer Modeling ?

Ans. Fused Layer Modelling is a technique in which thermoplastic materials are extruded through a nozzle tip and then placed onto a substrate, leaving behind a solidified 3D shape.  

Q10. Give two advantages and disadvantages of laminated object manufacturing. 

Ans. Two advantages and disadvantage s of laminated object manufacturing are as follows:

Advantages: 

• 1. Good handling strength. 
• 2. Environmentally friendly.  

Disadvantages: 

• 1. Need for decubing, which requires a lot of labour. 
• 2. There can be a fire hazard. 

Q11. What is Bioplotter ?  

Ans. The Bioplotter is an excellent tool for manufacturing parts or simulating biological systems for research, testing, and diagnostics. 

Unit-II: Development of Additive Manufacturing Technology (Short Question)

Q1. Define Hybrid Systems. 

Ans. Hybrid Systems are machines which contains additive/subtractive processes. 

Q2. What is programmable logic controller ?

Ans. A programmable logic controller (PLC) is a solid-state industrial computer that has been modified to regulate manufacturing processes. 

Q3. What are the 8 steps in additive manufacturing ? 

Ans. The 8 steps in additive manufacturing are as follows: 

• 1. Conceptualization and CAD. 
• 2. Conversion to STL. 
• 3. Transfer to AM Machine and STL File Manipulation.
• 4. Machine Setup.
• 5. Build.
• 6. Removal and Cleanup. 
• 7. Post-processing. 
• 8. Application.  

Q4. Define the term STL in additive manufacturing.  

Ans. The term STL was derived from STereoLithography. STL is a simple way of describing a CAD model in terms of its geometry alone. 

Q5. What are powder-based systems in additive manufacturing ?  

Ans. Powder bed-based systems are the simplest to set up for a simple build because no supports are required.  

Q6. What are the various build-related factors that should considered when setting up an AM machine ?

Ans. Following are the various build-related factors that should considered when setting up an AM machine: 

• 1. Part orientation.
• 2. Identification markings. 
• 3. Interlocking features. 
• 4. Removal of supports. 

Q7. What are the factor which improved the CAD technology ? 

Ans. Following are the factor which improved the CAD technology. 

• 1. Speed 
• 2. Accuracy 
• 3. Complexity 
• 4. Usability

Unit-III: Additive Manufacturing Processes (Short Question)

Q1. Define Photopolymerization.  

Ans. Photopolymerization is a technique of forming a linear or cross-linked polymer structure by initiating a polymerization reaction with light (visible or ultraviolet).

Q2. Write two advantages and disadvantages of Vat Photopolymerization. 

Ans. Following are the two advantages and disadvantages of Vat Photopolymerization : 

Advantages:

• 1. High level of accuracy and good finish. 
• 2. Relatively quick process. 

Disadvantages:

• 1. Relatively expensive. 
• 2. Lengthy post-processing time.  

Q3. What is the full form of ACES in scan patterns in additive manufacturing ?

Ans. The full form of A CES is Accurate, Clear, Epoxy, Solid. 

Q4. What are the four categories of energy sources in powder bed fusion?

Ans. Following are the four categories of energy sources in powder bed fusion:

• 1. Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), 
• 2. Electron beam melting (EBM),
• 3. Selective heat sintering (SHS), 
• 4. Selective laser melting (SLM) and Selective laser sintering (SLS). 

Q5. Gives two advantages and disadvantages of Powder Bed Fusion (PBF).  

Ans. Following are the two advantages and disadvantages of Powder Bed Fusion (PBF): 

Advantages of PBF: 

• 1. Low cost of machines.
• 2. Multiple materials can be used.

Disadvantages of PBF: 

• 1. Weaker structural properties. 
• 2. Machines use a lot of energy to create parts. 

Q6. Write the various powder fusion mechanisms present in PBF processes ? 

Ans. Following are the various powder fusion mechanisms present in PBF processes:

• 1. Solid-state sintering,  
• 2. Chemically induced sintering, 
• 3. Liquid-phase sintering (LPS), 
• 4. Full melting. 

Q7. What are the common features of extrusion-based additive manufacturing. 

Ans. Following features are common to extrusion-based system :  

• 1. Material loading, 
• 2. Liquification, 
• 3. Extrusion, 
• 4. Solidification. 

Q8. What are the various parameters on which the path control in extrusion-based system depends ? 

Ans. Path control in extrusion-based system depends on following parameters:  

• 1. Input pressure. 
• 2. Temperature. 
• 3. Nozzle diameter. 
• 4. Material characteristics.  

Q9. What is material jetting process of additive manufacturing. 

Ans. Material jetting produces items in the same way that a two-dimensional ink jet printer does. A continuous or Drop on Demand (DOD) technique is used to jet material onto a build platform.

Q10. Give two advantages of material jetting process of additive manufacturing. 

Ans. Following are the two advantages of material jetting process of additive manufacturing. 

• 1. Material jetting can achieve outstanding accuracy and surface finishes. 
• 2. Parts are good for use in patterns for casting. 

Q11. What are the various materials used in material jetting ?

Ans. Following are the various materials used in material jetting: 

• 1. Polymers, 
• 2. Ceramics, and 
• 3. Metals, etc. 

Q12. What are the various technical challenges of material jetting ?  

Ans. Following are the various technical challenges of material jetting: 

• 1. Formulation of the liquid material. 
• 2. Droplet formation. 
• 3. Control of deposition of droplets.

Q13. What is Directed Energy Deposition (DED) process of additive manufacturing ? 

Ans. DED produces 3D things by melting and depositing powder- or wire-based materials using a focused thermal energy source such as a laser, electron beam, or plasma arc. 

Q14. What are the two DED systems.  

Ans. Following are the two DED systems: 

• 1. Laser Based Metal Deposition (LBMD) Processes. 
• 2. Electron Beam Based Metal Deposition Processes.

Q15. What are the importance of process parameters in DED machines ?  

Ans. Important process parameters include: 

• 1. Track scan spacing, 
• 2. Powder feed rate, 
• 3. Beam traverse speed, 
• 4. Beam power, and 
• 5. Beam spot size. 

Unit-IV: Design and Software Issues (Short Question)

Q1. Define customized mass production. 

Ans. Customization is the process of modifying a product or service to meet the needs of an individual or corporation. 

Q2. What are the various resulting perspectives of AM. 

Ans. Following are the various resulting perspectives of AM : 

• 1. Complex geometries. 
• 2. Integrated geometry. 
• 3. Integrated functionalities. 
• 4. Multi-material parts and graded materials.  

Q3. What are the different types of customized mass production ?

Ans. Following are the different types of customized mass production:  

• 1. Small batch production. 
• 2. Individualization.  
• 3. Personalization. 

Q4. What is self customization ?

Ans. Self customisation is the process of realising customization solely through the customer’s efforts.  

Q5. What do you mean by anisotropic properties of AM materials ?  

Ans. Anisotropy refers to a material’s ability to change or assume various properties in different directions. 

Q6. What are the various materials available for AM ?

Ans. AM process uses materials of classes, namely plastics, metals, and ceramics. 

Q7. What are the engineering design rules for AM?

Ans. Following are the engineering design rules for AM: 

• 1. Tolerances-digital to object, 
• 2. Design freedom, 
• 3. Relative fit, 
• 4. Flexures, hinges, and snap-fits, and 
• 5. Orientation and clamping.  

Q8. What is STL file ?

Ans. The acronym STL stands for STereoLithography.STL files are created within the CAD system from 3D-CAD data.  

Q9. What are the various problems associated with STL files ?

Ans. Following are typical problems that are associated with STL files : 

• 1. Unit changing, 
• 2. Vertex to vertex rule, 
• 3. Leaking STL files, and 
• 4. Degenerated facets.  

Q10. What are other ways, apart from STL file, in which files can be defined for creation of the slice ? 

Ans. Following are different ways in which files can be defined for creation of the slice : 

• 1. Direct slicing of CAD model, 
• 2. Multiple materials, and 
• 3. Color models. 

Q11. What are the various functions that other software systems include to assist AM?

Ans. Software systems can include one or more of the following functions : 

• 1. Build-time estimation, 
• 2. Simulation, 
• 3. Monitoring, and 
• 4. Planning. 

Unit-V: Material Design and Quality Aspects (Short Question)

Ans. 1. V flash by 3D Systems using plastic polymerization. 

2. Sd 300 Pro by Solido using plastic layer lamination. 

Q2. Give the name of two office machines.

Ans. 1. ProJet HD 3000 by 3D Systems using plastic polymer printing. 

2. Alaris 24 by Object using plastic polyjet. 

Q3. Give the name of two shop floor machines. 

Ans. 1. iPro 9000 SLA by 3D Systems using plastic stereolithography. 

2. P 780 by EOS GmbH using plastic laser sintering. 

Q4. What do you understand by secondary rapid prototyping processes ? 

Ans. The term “Secondary Rapid Prototyping Processes” refers to prototypes and parts that are not made directly by AM but are based on AM procedures. 

Q5. Vacuum casting is known by which other names? 

Ans. Vacuum casting is also known as silicon rubber molding or room temperature vulcanization (RTV). 

Q6. How additive manufacturing leads to efficient product development ?

Ans. 1. Additive manufacturing is a less wasteful method of product development because it only uses what is needed. 

2. Aside from saving money on raw materials, additive manufacturing saves time.

3. With more time saved, the product development process becomes more efficient. 

Q7. How to commercialize AM ? 

Ans. The relationship between the technology and the business model is critical to the successful commercialization of AM technical innovation. 

Q8. What are the possible trends and future directions in additive manufacturing?

Ans. Following are the possible trends and future directions in additive manufacturing : 

• 1. New types of products. 
• 2. New types of organizations. 
• 3. New types of employment. 

Q9. How the products can be brought to markets using additive manufacturing ? 

Ans. Products can be brought to market via additive manufacturing through product conceptualization, product creation, and product propagation. 

Q10. Why aerospace industry employs additive manufacturing processes ? 

Ans. 1. The aerospace sector uses AM techniques due to the small series and frequent specific design needs of its clients. 

2. Additive manufacturing techniques have been found to assist lower costs and lead times.

Q11. What are various characteristics favoring the use of AM in aerospace industry ? 

Ans. Following are various characteristics favoring the use of AM: 

• 1. Lightweight. 
• 2. High temperature. 
• 3. Digital spare parts. 
• 4. Economics.  

Q12. Why automotive industry employs additive manufacturing processes ? 

Ans. 1. AM components are primarily utilised for testing and presenting automobile designs. 

2. Automotive businesses employed additive manufacturing pieces to test assembly operations and identify potential problems before production began. 

Q13. How additive manufacturing processes are used in foundry ?  

Ans. 1. Foundries use AM processes to receive prototypes and samples of the product. 

2. They also use AM processes to make cores and cavities for production. 

Q14. Why architectural engineering employs additive manufacturing processes ? 

Ans. 1. Architects usually present their creative ideas by scaled models. 

2. The model making can be significantly improved by the use of AM models. 

3. These models were primarily used for presentation of the project. 

Q15. How additive manufacturing processes are used in jewellery ?  

Ans. 1. A laser melting machine can make a complex piece of jewellery using additive manufacturing. 

2. The true promise of the additive manufacturing method lies in designs that are difficult or impossible to produce using standard casting procedures. 

Q16. How additive manufacturing processes can benefit the toy industry?  

Ans. AM processes offers following benefits to toy industry: 

• 1. Prototyping. 
• 2. Mass customisation. 
• 3. Customer relationship building. 
• 4. New business models. 

Q17. How additive manufacturing processes are used in medical applications ?

Ans. AM-based manufacturing contributes to the following categories of medical applications :

• 1. Surgical and diagnostic aids. 
• 2. Prosthetics development. 
• 3. Manufacturing of medically related products. 
• 4. Tissue engineering.  

Q18. How additive manufacturing processes are used in biomedical applications ? 

Ans. 1. AM has numerous uses in biomedicine due to its ability to create complex customised parts with great ease, flexibility, and using a variety of biomaterials. 

2. AM has transformed the biomedical profession by printing customised patient-specific implants for various body parts, as well as prosthetics, surgical equipment, and medical gadgets. 

Q19. How additive manufacturing processes are used in dental applications ?

Ans. 1. Each person’s dentures are unique in terms of shape and size. 

2. Because of this heterogeneity, the usage of customised manufacture for each patient using additive manufacturing has increased. 

Q20. What do you mean by bio-printing ?

Ans. 3D bio-printing is a type of additive manufacturing that uses cells and other biocompatible materials as ‘inks’ to layer-by-layer create live structures that imitate the behaviour of natural living systems. 

Q21. What are the basic steps to the bio-printing process ? 

Ans. Following are three basic steps to the bio-printing process:

• 1. Pre-bio-printing. 
• 2. Bio-printing. 
• 3. Post-bio-printing.

Q22. How additive manufacturing processes are employed/used in bio-printing applications ? 

Ans. 1. Bio-printing allows for printing complex 3D spheroids. 

2. 3D bio-printing allows for precise spatial control of stem cell placement to achieve any needed geometric configuration.   

Q23. How additive manufacturing processes are employed/used in tissue and organ engineering applications ?

Ans. 1. Tissue engineering is the process of creating implants by mixing living cells with biocompatible materials. 

2. The additive manufacturing technique (3DP) is ideal for this application due to its capacity to print complicated structures through precise cell placement. 

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