(Aktu Btech) Human Computer Interface Important Unit-3 Screen Designing

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Important Questions For Human Computer Interface:
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Q1. What is screen design ? Define a well designed screen.

Ans. 1. Screen design is the creation of a graphical user interface.

2. Screen design encompasses a wide range of applications in which screens or displays can be used to facilitate human-machine interaction.

A well-designed screen: 

• 1. Reflects the capabilities, needs, and tasks of its users.
• 2. Is created within the physical restrictions imposed by the hardware used to show it.
• 3. Makes good use of the capabilities of its controlling software.
• 4. Meets the business goals of the system for which it was created.

Q2. Describe ordering of screen data and content.  

Ans. Ordering of screen data and content: 

• 1. The purpose of an organizational scheme is to reduce the amount of information variables that the user must remember in short term memory.
• 2. A logical, purposeful, and rational layout of screen data and content will reduce the amount of RAM required.
• 3. When organizing screens or pages, prioritize information units and screen elements based on the user’s needs and expectations.
• 4. Individuals establish expectations about how to complete specific jobs and locate various types of information.
• 5. A purposeful organization allows for a speedier graphic system.
• 6 It is also easier to establish a clear navigation system in website design if the site is meaningfully arranged.
• 7. Clear organization also helps online visitors find what they’re looking for and predict where a navigation link will take them.

Ordering schemes include the following: 

• i. Conventional: 
  • 1. Certain ordering methods for particular aspects have emerged through convention and custom.
  • 2. Examples include days of the week, months of the year, one’s name and finish address, or along a timeline.
• 3. These elements should always be arranged in the traditional manner.
• ii. Sequence of use: 
  • 1. Application sequence Arranging information objects in the order in which they are usually received or communicated, or in natural groups, is what grouping entails.
  • 2. A typical address includes the street, city, state, and zip code.
  • 3. Another example of natural grouping is football league standings, which display in order of best to worst records.
• iii. Frequency of use: 
  • 1. Frequency of usage is a design method based on the premise that the most frequently used information items should be grouped first, followed by the second most frequently used things, and so on.
• iv. Function or category: 
  • 1. Information objects are categorized based on their function or a shared attribute.
  • 2. For example, all items relevant to insurance coverage may be kept in a single area.
  • 3. Transportation vehicles can be divided into three types: aircraft, trains, and automobiles.
  • 4. This type of grouping also helps the user to easily identify groups by using headings.
  • 5. It is also possible to create sub-categories with sub-headings.
• v. Importance: 
  • 1. Importance grouping is based on the information’s importance to the user s task or need. 
  • 2. Important items are placed first or in the most prominent position. 
  • 3. Items may be organized from best to worst or largest to smallest.  
• vi. General to specific: 
  • 1. If some data is more general than others, the generic elements should come first.
  • 2. This is most likely to happen when data items have a hierarchical relationship. This is a common method of organizing a website.

Q3. What do you mean screen navigation and flow?

Ans.

• 1. Screen navigation should be plain and simple.
• 2. Navigation can be made clear by grouping and aligning screen controls and utilizing line boundaries sparingly to lead the eye.
• 3. Direct a person’s attention to elements in descending order of importance.
• 4. Use different display approaches to draw attention to the most important portions of a screen.
• 5. Always tab through a screen in the logical order of the displayed information, and look for command buttons at the end of the tab order sequence.
• 6. The movement of screen things should be obvious, consistent, and rhythmic.
• 7. The eye, or pointer, should not be required to travel lengthy distances around the display in search of the next item.
• 8. The eye can be guided through the screen with lines formed through use of white space and display elements. 
• 9. Aligning elements will also minimize screen scanning and navigation movements.  
• 10. In establishing eye movement through a screen, also consider that the eye tends to move sequentially, for example: 
  • i. From dark areas to light areas. 
  • ii. From big objects to little objects. 
  • iii. From unusual shapes to common shapes. 
  • iv. From highly saturated colors to unsaturated colors. 

Q4. Discuss amount of information.

Ans. 1. Proper amount of information: 

• i. Displaying too much information on a screen is confusing; there will be more competition for a person’s attention among the components on a screen.
• ii. Visual search times will be longer, and significant structure will be harder to discern.
• iii. Displaying too little information is inefficient and may drain a person’s memory because information from several screens must be recalled.

2. Present all necessary information: 

• i. In general, show all information required to complete an activity or make a decision on a single screen.
• ii. If information from several screens must be remembered, a person’s memory will be tested once again.
• iii. Creating a screen with all of the relevant information necessitates a thorough examination of the user’s tasks.

3. Screen density: 

• i. Density is a calculation of the proportion of display character position8 on the screen or a screen area containing something.
• ii. Density and complexity are inextricably linked, as both measure “how much there is.”
• iii. Complexity considers elements, while density considers personalities, therefore they should rise and fall together.
• iv. There are two types of density to be calculated on a screen:
  • a. Overall density: Overall density is a measure of the percentage of character positions on the entire screen containing data. 
  • b. Local density: Local density is a measure of how “tightly packed” the screen is.

Q5. Discuss about the term Distinctiveness.  

Ans.

• 1. Screen elements must be distinct and easily distinguishable from one another.
• 2. Distinctiveness can be improved by using separation and contrast.
• 3. All elements on the screen must be perceptually distinct.
• 4. Distinctiveness is achieved by ensuring appropriate separation between neighbouring elements and screen boundaries, as well as between sections of an element.
• 5. Screen controls, field and group borders, and buttons should not touch each other or the window borders.
• 6. The colours or tints chosen for adjacent screen items must contrast properly.

Q6. Write short note on statistical graphics.

Ans. Statistical graphics: 

• 1. A statistical graphic is a graphical representation of data.
• 2. A well-designed statistical graphic, often known as a chart or graph, communicates complicated ideas with clarity, precision, and efficiency.
• 3. It provides its audience with the greatest number of concepts in the shortest amount of time, in the smallest amount of space, and with the least amount of clutter.
• 4. It will also prompt the audience to consider substance rather than procedures or methodology.
• 5. It will bring coherence to enormous volumes of information by connecting them in meaningful ways, and it will stimulate data comparisons of its many elements by the eye.
• 6. A well-designed statistical graphic display also prevents data distortions by telling the truth about the facts.

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