BCA Mathematics-II Question Paper with Solution Notes Pdf

Table Of Contents

1 Section A: Mathematics-II Very Short Question Solutions

2 Section B: Mathematics-II Short Question Solutions

3 Section C: Mathematics-II Detailed Question Solutions

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Important Questions For Mathematics-II:
* Important Short Questions
* Solved Question Paper
* Syllabus

Section A: Mathematics-II Very Short Question Solutions

Q1. Define sets and Universal sets with example.

Sol. Set : It is a well-defined collection of objects. The objects of a set are called the elements or members of that set and their membership is defined by certain conditions.

For example;

1. The collection of all the letters of English alphabet a, b, c, d, …
2. The collection of all natural numbers denoted by N.
3. The collection of vowels in English alphabet.

Universal Set : When we are given a particular set and we consider different subsets of the given set, this given set is called universal set. It is denoted by U.

For example;

1. The universal set is the set of real numbers R, while considering the set of natural numbers, whole numbers, integers and rational numbers.
2. The set of alphabets is the universal set from which the letters of any word may be chosen to form a set.
3. In geometry, we discuss set of lines, triangles and circles, then universal set is the plane, in which the lines, triangles and circles lie.

Q2. Define equivalence Relation and show that the relation S ={(a, b) :a ≥ b} on the set R of real no is an equivalence relation.

Sol. A relation R on a set E is said to be an equivalence relation, if it is :

(a) reflexive
(b) symmetric, and
(c) transitive.

Check for Reflexive:

It is given that R = {(a, b) : a ≥ b}

It is clear that (a, a) ∈R as a = a

Therefore, R is reflexive.

Check for Symmetric:

If a ≥ b, then b ≥ a.

This statement is true only for the case a=b.

Therefore, R is symmetric.

Check for Transitivity:

Now let (a, b) (b, c) ∈R

Then a ≥ b and b ≥ c

⇒ a ≥ c

⇒ (a, c) ∈R

Therefore, R is a transitive.

Hence, R is reflexive, transitive and symmetric. So, R is an equivalence relation.

Q3. Show that the inclusion relation ⊆ is a partial ordering on the power set of a set S.

Sol. Since A ⊆ A for any subset A ⊆ S, we conclude that this relation is reflexive.

Taking into account that A ⊆ B and B ⊆ A imply A = B, we conclude that the relation is antisymmetric.

Since A ⊆ B and B ⊆ C imply A ⊆ C,it follows that this relation is transitive.

Consequently the inclusion relation is a partial ordering on the power set of a set S. Ans.

Q4. If z = e^xy2, x = t cost, y = t sint compute dz/dt at t = 𝜋/2.

Sol. Given z = e^xy2

If z = exy2, x = t cost, y = t sint compute Mathematics-II

Q5. If cos α, cos β, and cos γ are the direction cosines of a straight line then prove that sin² α + sin² β + sin² γ = 2.

Sol. Since cosα, cosβ, cosγ are the direction cosines of the given line, therefore

Section B: Mathematics-II Short Question Solutions

Q6. Show that Dual of a complemented lattice is complemented.

Sol. Let(L, R) be a complemented lattice with 0 and 1 as least and greatest elements. Let (L, R(bar)) be the dual of(L, R) Then 1 and 0 are least and greatest elements of (L, R(bar)).

Let a 𝛜 L be any element.

Show that Dual of a complemented lattice is complemented.

Q7. Find the equations of the straight line drawn through the origin which will intersect both the lines.

Sol. We need to find the equation of line which intersects the lines

Find the equations of the straight line drawn through the origin which will intersect both the lines.

and passes through (0, 0, 0).

Now,

Equation of line passing through two points (x₁,y₁, z₁) and (x₂, y₂, z₂),

We use (x₁,y₁, z₁) = (0, 0, 0)

Now, if point (x₂, y₂, z₂) lies on (L₁)

then

⇒ x = p + 1, y = 4p – 3, z = 3p + 5

So, (x₂, y₂, z₂) = (p + 1, 4p – 3, 3p + 5)

Thus, the equation of lines will be

Now, if the point (x₂, y₂, z₂) lies on (L₂)

then,

⇒ x = 2q + 4, y = 3q – 3, z = 4q + 14

So, (x₂, y₂, z₂) = (2q + 4, 3q – 3, 4q + 14)

Then the equation of line will be

Since, the eqs. (iii) and (iv) represents the same line, so the direction ratios of lines are proportional.

Comparing eqs. (v) and (vi),

8qk + 16k – 4 = 3qk – 3k + 3

5qk + 19k = 7

Comparing eqs. (vi) and (vii),

9qk – 9k + 9= 16qk + 56k – 20

7qk + 65 k = 29

k(7q + 65) = 29

From eqs. (vii) and (ix),

7 (7q + 65) = (5q + 19) 29

49q + 455 = 145 q + 551

96 q = -96

⇒ q = -1

Now, putting the value of q in eq. (iv),

Q8. Show that f(x, y, z) =(x + y + z) – 3(x + y + 2)- 24xyz + a³ has maxima at (-1, – 1, -1).

Sol. f(x, y, z) = (x + y + z)³ – 3(x + y + z)- 24 xyz + a³

Differentiation offw.rtx,y and z,

Show that f(x, y, z) =(x + y + z) - 3(x + y + 2)- 24xyz + a3 has maxima at (-1, - 1, -1).

3(x + y + z)² – 3- 24yz = 0

3(x + y + z)² = 3 + 24yz

(x + y + z)=1 + 8yz …(iv)

and 3(x + y + z)² – 3 – 24xz = 0

3(x + y + z) = 3 + 24xz

(x + y + z)² = 1 + 8xz …(v)

and 3(x + y +z)² – 3 – 24xy = 0

3(x + y + z)² = 3 + 24xy

(x + y + z) = 3 + 24xy

(x + y + z) = 1 + 8xy …(vi)

From eqs. (iv), (v) and (vi)

1 + 8yz = 1 + 8xz = 1 + 8xy

⇒ x = y = z putting in eq. (iv)

(x + x + x) = 1 + 8xx

(3x)² = 1 + 8x²

9x² = 1 + 8x² ⇒ x² = 1

⇒ x = ± 1

⇒ (x, y, z) = ± (1, 1, 1)

Again,

At point (-1, -1, -1),

A = – 18, B = – 18, C = – 18

F = 6, G = 6, H = 6

(1) A = – 18 < 0

Hence f is maximum at (- 1, – 1,- 1).

Section C: Mathematics-II Detailed Question Solutions

Q9. Let the function f : R → R and g : R → R be defined by f(x) = 2x, g(x) = x² + 2 ∀x ∈R.

(a) Check the function f and g for being.

(i) One-to-One (ii) Onto

Sol. (1) Given that f(x) = 2x

Checkf is one-one: Let x₁, x₂ ∈R

Now, f(x) = f(x)

⇒ 2x₁ = 2x₂

⇒ x₁ = x₂

Therefore, f is one-one

Check g is one-one: Given that g (x) = x² + 2

Let x₁, x₂ ∈R

Now, g(x₁) = g(x₂)

⇒ x¹₂ +2 = x²₂ + 2

⇒ x²₁ = x²₂

⇒ x²₁ – x²₂ = 0

⇒ (x₁ – x₂) (x₁ + x₂) = 0

⇒ x₁ = ± x₂

Therefore, g(x₁) = g(x₂) does not implies that x₁ = x₂

Therefore, g is not one- one.

Eg. g(-1) = 1 + 2 = 3

g(1) = 1 + 2 = 3

g(- 1) = g(1)

but – 1 ≠ 1.

(ii) Check f is onto:

Let C ∈ R, f(x) = 2x

⇒ f(x) = C

⇒ 2x= C

which implies that C is the image of C/2.

∴ f is onto.

Check g is onto: g(x) = x² + 2

Let g(x) = C, such that C ∈ R

Note that Cis a real number, it can be negative also.

Putting C = – 2

which is not possible as root of negative number is not real.

Hence x is not real.

So, y is not onto.

(b) Find the formula defining the function fog and gof and obtain the values of (fog) (2) and (gof) (1).

Sol. Composition of function:

Let f: A → B and y : B → C be two real valued functions. Then the composition of f and g denoted by gof, such that gof: A → C is defined by

(gof) (x) =g (f(x))

This is also known as function of a function or resultant of a function.

Similarly, (fog) (x) =f(g(x))

Since we have f(x) = 2x and g(x) = x² + 2

Now, fog(x) =f(g(x)) = f(x² + 2) = 2(x² + 2)

fog (x) = 2(x² + 2)

fog (2) = 2(2² + 2) = 2(4 + 2) = 12

and gof (x) = g(f (x)) = g(2x) = (2x)² + 2 = 4x² + 2

gof (x) = 4x² +2

gof (1) = 4(1)² + 2 = 4 + 2 = 6.

Q10. (a) If (L, < ) is a lattice and a, b, c and d ∈ L then.

(i) a ≤ b, c ≤ d ⇒ a ∧ c ≤ b ∧ d

(ii) a ∧ (b v c) ≥ (a ∧ b) v (a ∧ c)

Sol. (i) Since a ∧ c ≤ a and a ∧ c ≤ c,

therefore, again by transitivity

a ∧ c ≤ b and a ∧ c ≤ d (∵ a ≤ b, and c ≤ d).

⇒ a ∧ c is a lower bound of b and d.

But since b ∧ d is the g.l.b of b and d,

therefore, we have a ∧ c ≤ b ∧ d.

(ii) We know that

If (L, < ) is a lattice and a, b, c and d ∈ L then.

because a ∧ (b v c) is the greatest lower bound of {a, b v c}

(b) Show that dual of a lattice is a lattice.

Sol. Let (L, R) be a given lattice and let (L, R(bar)) be its dual, where R(bar) is defined as x R(bar)y if yRx. Then, it can be shown easily that (L, R(bar)) is a poset.

Let x v y = sup {x, y} in (L, R). Then we have x R(x v y) and y R (x v y)

(x v y) R(bar)x and (x v y) R(bar)y

= x v y is a lower bound of {x, y} in (L, R(bar))

Now, we will show that x v y is the greatest lower bound of {x, y} in (L, R(bar)).

Let z be any lower bound of (x, y) in (L, R(bar)), then z R(bar)x and z R(bar)y.

⇒ x R z and y R z

⇒ z is an upper bound of {x, y} in (L, R)

⇒ (x v y) Rz as x v y = sup {x, y} in (L, R)

⇒ z R(x v y)

⇒ x v y is the greatest lower bound of (x, y) in (L, R(bar)).

Similarly, it can be shown that x ∧ y is the least upper bound in (L, R(bar)).

Therefore (L, R(bar)) is a lattice.

11. (a) Show that f(x, y, z – 2x) = 0, satisfies under suitable conditions, the equation

What are these conditions.

Sol. Let u = xy, V = 2 – 2x, then,

12. (a) Find the equations of the plane parallel to the plane 2x – 3y – 5z + 1 = 0 and distant 5 units from the point (- 1, 3, 1).

Sol. A plane parallel to the plane 2x – 3y – 5z + 1 =0

can be written as

2x – 3y – 5z + 𝛌 = 0

where 𝛌 is a scalar quantity.

Now distance of plane (in eq. (i)) from the point (- 1,3, 1)

Find the equations of the plane parallel to the plane 2x - 3y - 5z + 1 = 0 and distant 5 units from the point (- 1, 3, 1).

Substituting the values of 𝛌 in eq. (i),

Hence, these are the equations of required planes.

(b) Find the equation of the sphere which touches the sphere x² + y² + z² + 2x – 6y + 1 = 0 at (1, 2, -2) and passes through the point (1, – 1, 0).

Sol. x² + y² + z² + 2x – 6y + 1 = 0

Equation of tangent plane to the sphere at (1, 2, – 2)

S₁ : xx₁ + yy₁ + zz₁ + u(x + x₁) + w(y + y₁) + v(z₂ + z₁) + d = 0

S : x² + y² + z² + 2ux + 2wy + 2vz + d = 0

2u = 2, 2w = -6, 2v = 0

u = 1, w = -3, v = 0

S₁= 1x + 2y – 2z + 1 (x + 1) + (-3) (y + 2) + 0 + 1 = 0

S₁ = 2x + 2y – 2z +1 – 6 – 3y + 1 = 0

= 2x – y – 2z – 4 = 0

Equation of sphere = S + 𝜋 S₁ = 0

= (x² + y² + z² + 2x – 6y + 1) + 𝜋 (2x – y – 2z + 4) = 0

Passing through (1, -1),